The Cervarix vaccine has been found to provide partial protection against a few additional HPV types not included in the vaccine that can cause cancer, a phenomenon called cross-protection (8). Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM), Coping with Your Feelings During Advanced Cancer, Emotional Support for Young People with Cancer, Young People Facing End-of-Life Care Decisions, Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Treatment, Tech Transfer & Small Business Partnerships, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Milestones in Cancer Research and Discovery, Step 1: Application Development & Submission, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, ACIP specifies different dosing schedules, http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Vaccines/HPV/Index.html, http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/index.html, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, infections with HPV 16 and 18 decreased by 83% among girls aged 15â19 years and by 66% among women aged 20â24 years at up to 8 years after vaccination began, diagnoses of anogenital warts decreased by 67% among girls aged 15â19 years and by 54% among women aged 20â24 years at up to 9 years after vaccination began. Sitting or lying down when getting a shot and staying in that position for about 15 minutes after a vaccination can help prevent fainting and injuries caused by falls. HPV vaccines are highly immunogenic. Gardasil 9 prevents infection with the same four HPV types plus five additional cancer-causing types (31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) that together account for 10 to 20% of cervical cancers. Yet vaccination rates remain low, and incidence of HPV infection remains high. HPV vaccine has the potential to prevent more than 90% of HPV-attributable cancers. The most recent safety data review for HPV vaccines continues to indicate that these vaccines are safe (22). The vaccine prevents certain cancers. Adolescents aged 9 through 14 years who have already received two doses of HPV vaccine less than 5 months apart will require a third dose. HPV vaccine may be available at private doctor offices, community health clinics, school-based health centers, and health departments. 2018. Falls after fainting may sometimes cause serious injuries, such as head injuries. Giuliano AR, Palefsky JM, Goldstone S, et al. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2019; 25(2):210-216.Â. It is likely that someone exposed to HPV will still get some residual benefit from vaccination, even if he or she has already been infected with one or more of the HPV types included in the vaccines. It is important that as many people as possible in the recommended age group get vaccinated. Human papillomavirus vaccination: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The VLPs have been found to be strongly immunogenic, which means that they induce high levels of antibody production by the body. JAMA 2007; 298(7):743â753. However, the incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer and anal cancer has been increasing in the United States (18) while the incidence of cervical cancer has declined, due mainly to highly effective cervical cancer screening programs. Perspectives for therapeutic HPV vaccine development. Huh WK, Joura EA, Giuliano AR, et al. An analysis of data from a community-based clinical trial of Cervarix in Costa Rica, where cervical cancer rates are high, found than even one dose of the vaccine caused the body to produce approximately nine times more antibodies against HPV than the body produces in response to a natural HPV infection, and those antibody levels persisted for at least 7 years (26). Cervarix and Gardasil are still used in other countries. Not only does vaccination protect vaccinated individuals against infection by the HPV types targeted by the respective vaccine, but also vaccination of a significant proportion of the population can reduce the prevalence of the vaccine-targeted HPV types in the population, thereby providing some protection for individuals who are not vaccinated (a phenomenon called herd immunity).
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