Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor's Timeline. Joseph II, Holy... Leopold II, Hol... Maximilian was a member of the Austrian house of Habsburg born to Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary. He was the eldest son born to the couple. On 13 September 1548, Maximilian married his first cousin Mary of Spain, daughter of Emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.Despite Mary's commitment to Habsburg Spain and her strong Catholic manners, the marriage was a happy one. Emperor Maximilian II by Paula Sutter Fichtner (2001-09-01) Hardcover – January 1, 1827. In 1575, by popular demand from Polish and Lithuanian magnates, Maximilian was chosen as a candidate for the position of the King of Poland against Stephan IV Bathory but his inability to make himself widely accepted led him to be ousted from Poland. His refusal to invest Protestant administrators of bishoprics with their imperial fiefs disappointed the hopes of Germany’s Protestant princes. Also, it was during his reign that Protestantism reached its all-time high in Austria and Bohemia. 1528), a daughter of Emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. In Netherlands, Maximilian advised a compromise between the Catholics and Protestants but Spanish obstinacy left him with no choice. Paula Sutter Fichtner. He successfully preserved the freedom of the Protestant nobility to worship. Birth of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. In this way, Paula Sutter Fichtner begins the introduction to this book, the first full biography in English of Maximilian. Maximilian was a member of the Austrian house of Habsburg born to Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary. During his term of reign, he faced the ongoing Ottoman-Habsburg wars. He was never crowned by the Pope, as the journey to Rome was always too risky. Furthermore, Maximilian’s religious ideologies put him at odds with Charles V’s son, Philip who was committed to defending Catholicism. His proposed army reform of 1570, by which the emperor would have controlled the army and would have had to grant his consent before foreign powers could recruit on German soil, was defeated by Germany’s Protestant princes, who suspected an attempt to prevent them from assisting coreligionists abroad and were less willing to grant greater powers to the emperor. NOW 50% OFF! Already Bohemian king (from September 1562) and king of the Romans, or successor-designate to the empire (from November 1562), Maximilian became Hungarian king in 1563 and succeeded to the imperial throne in 1564. Yet he proved his personal liberalism by granting freedom of worship to the Protestant nobility of Austria (1568), promising to respect religious liberty in Bohemia (1575), and working for the reform of the Roman Catholic church. He allowed religious freedom to Lutheran nobles and knights in Austria but refused to invest Protestant administrators of bishoprics with their imperial fiefs, thus disappointing the hopes of Germany’s Protestant princes. Married Philip II of Spain, her uncle. Maximilian was born on 6 July 1832 in the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire. On 8 September 1563 he was crowned King of Hungary and Croatia in the Hungarian capital Pressburg (Pozsony in Hungarian; now … Maximilian, the eldest son of the future emperor Ferdinand I and the nephew of the emperor Charles V, received his education in Spain. Maximilian II. "holy") in connection with the mediaeval Roman Empire did not appear until 1157 under Frederick I Barbarossa, Otto I is considered the first Holy Roman Emperor from the Kingdom of Germany, though Charlemagne of the Carolingian Dynasty was the first to receive papal coronation as Emperor of the Romans. A year later after being proclaimed as the King of Romans, in September 1563, he was crowned as the King of Hungary by the Archbishop of Esztergom, Nicolaus Olahus. Much of his early life came under limelight due to the growing dispute over Habsburg’s succession order. After fighting an unsuccessful campaign against the Turks, who remained a threat to the empire, he was compelled by a peace concluded in 1568 to continue to pay tribute to the sultan. Wiener Neustadt, Österreich, Deutschland (HRR) 1549 November 1, 1549. To oppose Venice, Maximilian entered into the League of Cambrai with France, Spain, and the pope in 1508. Get this from a library! Matthias. Between 1562 and 1563, he was crowned as the King of Germany, Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia. The marriage was concluded in 1548 as the result of pressure from Spain and was intended to emphasize the political and genealogical union between the two lines. Immediately after, he began to take part in imperial business. His religious views and sentiments became a matter of concern causing sufficient scandal during the latter half of the 1550s. A humanist and patron of the arts, he largely failed to achieve his political goals, both at home and abroad. He was never crowned by the pope, as the journey to Rome was always too risky. He fought an unsuccessful campaign against the Turks which resulted in an arrangement in 1568 according to which he had to continue to pay tribute to the sultan. Though Maximilian failed in his political pursuits, he successfully however created peace between Protestants and Roman Catholics. Over time, strained relations between Maximilian and Philip of Spain greatly improved as the former became cautious of bringing to public his religious ideologies. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. A humanist and patron of the arts, he largely failed to achieve his political goals, both at home and … So despite being religiously tolerant from the inside, he showed loyalty to the Catholic faith on the outside. Maximilian II (31 Julie 1527 – 12 October 1576), a member o the Austrick Hoose o Habsburg, wis Holy Roman Emperor frae 1564 till his daith.. Issue with Maria o Austrick. Maximilian breathed his last on October 12, 1576. His efforts to gain the right of marriage for priests failed, largely because of the opposition of Spain. He succeeded his father as the ruler of Holy Roman Empire. Although Protestant, he was not successful in uniting Protestants in the empire. In this way, Paula Sutter Fichtner begins the introduction to this book, the first full biography in English of Maximilian. He even eyed on the Spanish throne after the death of Philip’s son but he was unable to capitalize on it. Charles V was the last Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned by the Pope. Maximilian I was Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. While on his deathbed, he refused to receive the last sacraments of the Church. His challenges were many, his achievements few. Before that, he had to assure that he was loyal towards the Catholic faith. Updates? He was instead proclaimed emperor elect by Pope Julius II at Trent, thus breaking the long tradition of requiring a Papal coronation for the adoption of the Imperial title. The first name honored his godfather and paternal uncle, Emperor Ferdinand I, and the second honored his maternal grandfather, Maximilian I Joseph, King of Bavaria. Maximilian was the born on July 31, 1527, in Vienna, Austria, to Habsburg archduke, Ferdinand I, and Jagiellonian princess Anne of Bohemia and Hungary. 1527 July 31, 1527. The couple had sixteen children: Archduchess Anna of Austria (1 November 1549 – 26 October 1580). Outgoing and charismatic, Maximilian’s religious sympathies and adherence to humanism caused a lot of distress amongst nobilities who feared his conversion to Protestantism. Valladolid, Castilla-Leon, Espana. Henceforth, although he paid lip service to Roman Catholicism, he remained basically a humanist Christian who favoured compromise between the rival confessions. Excluded from Italy by the hostile Venetians, he was unable to go to Rome for his coronation and had to content himself with the title of Roman emperor-elect that was bestowed on him with the consent of Pope Julius II on February 4, 1508. He also became the king of Bohemia. Maximilian distinguished himself as a bright, inquisitive young man, and a good rider, but he was sickly and often unwell. 1550. Upon his father’s death in 1564, he succeeded his father and served as the King of Hungary and Croatia. Emperor Maximilian II. Maximilian failed to achieve many of his political goals, but he had a lasting influence as a patron* of the arts. Anne was a daughter of King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his wife Anne de Foix. His bent towards Lutheranism, amicable relations with several Protestant princes and religious tolerance made people wary of his permanency to Catholicism so much so that his father threatened him with exclusion from succession if Maximilian converted to Protestantism. Birth of Anna of Austria. His father was the younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Young Maximilian spent his growing years at his father’s court in Innsbruck. Also, they did not want to grant the emperor with greater powers. Spouse/Ex-: Holy Roman Empress, Maria of Austria, siblings: Archduke of Austria, Charles II, Ferdinand II, children: Albert VII, Anna of Austria, Archduchess Margaret of Austria, Archduke Ernest of Austria, Archduke of Austria, Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria, Elisabeth of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor, Matthias, Maximilian III, Queen of France, Queen of Spain, Rudolf II, See the events in life of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor in Chronological Order. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He was the first to be the Elected Roman Emperor and not crowned, as the journey to Rome proved to be a risky affair. Maximilian II (1527-1576) was Holy Roman emperor from 1564 to 1576. Maximilian II, Roman emperor, was the eldest son of the emperor Ferdinand I by his wife Anne, daughter of Ladislaus, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and was born in Vienna on the 31st of July 1527. Corrections? Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Argyll was a committed supporter of the ^ Hamilton claim to the Stewart succession and enthusiastic for the marriage of Chatellerault's son to Elizabeth I in 1560. Maximilian II. Yet, although he preserved the right of his subjects to worship according to their beliefs, he succeeded in few of his political aims. Who Is The Greatest Female Warrior In History? Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576), a member of the Austrian House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death. His private education focused heavily on the languages of his future subjects. However, his effort in overcoming the denominational schism while approaching the Lutheran Imperial estates failed drastically. $35.00.) Although the term "sacrum" (i.e. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - … His experience in warfare came at around the age of 17 during the Schmalkaldic War against Francis I of France. He ruled jointly … Unlike his political failures, Maximilian’s religious policies were a far greater success. He succeeded his father as the ruler of Holy Roman Empire. He was educated in Italy by humanist scholars. Emperor Maximilian II. The son of Ferdinand of Austria, then King of Romans and next emperor (1556-1564) of the Germanic Holy Roman Empire, and his wife Anna Jagellonica, queen of Hungary and Bohemia, was born in Vienna on 1 August 1527. So Paula Sutter Fichtner begins the introduction to this book, the first full biography in English of Maximilian. Birth of Mary Rittenhausen. He served as Holy Roman Emperor* (1564–1576), king of Bohemia (1549/1562–1576), and king of Hungary (1563–1576). His challenges were many, his achievements few. Pp. He was a younger brother of the Austrian Emperor Franz-Joseph I. Archduke Maximilian of Austria was born on July 6, 1832 in the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire. ‘The Last Knight’ showcases over 180 objects from the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, an early master of political propaganda—and whose armor fashionably showed his ruthlessness. Maximilian’s wife was the Spanish infanta Maria (b. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. So Paula Sutter Fichtner begins the introduction to this book, the first full biography in English of Maximilian. Maximilian I was the King of Romans who served as the Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death in 1519. Maximilian's right of succession was recognised later and a compromise was achieved according to which while Philip was to succeed Ferdinand, while Maximilian was to govern Germany during Philip’s reign. ; Ferdinand o Austrick (28 Mairch 1551 – 16 Juin 1552) Rudolf II, Haly Roman Emperor (18 Julie 1552 – 20 Januar 1612) In a dispute over the Habsburg succession order, he was at first placed behind Charles V’s son Philip (the future Philip II of Spain), but, by a 1553 agreement, he displaced Philip as heir to the empire and remained hostile to the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs. Maximilian and his elder brother Franz Joseph grew up as proper young princes: a classical education, riding, travel. His challenges were many, his achievements few. Emperor Maximilian II and his family, c. 1563. This was after he assured of his loyalty towards the Catholic faith. Emperor Maximilian II. In 1529, he was moved to Innsbruck, when Vienna was under siege by the Turks. However, the proposal was overruled as German princes believed it to be an attempt to prevent them from assisting coreligionists abroad. Initially, he was placed behind Emperor Charles V’s son, Philip II of Spain. Born in Vienna, Maximilian was a son of his predecessor, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547). As such, despite his inner wish, he remained loyal to Catholic faith and attended mass. He was buried in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! Maximilian was the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal. Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576), a member of the Austrian House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death. Maximilian’s political career started in November 1562, when he was elected as the King of Romans by the electoral college of Frankfurt. His challenges were many, his achievements few. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They were blessed with sixteen children, of which one was a stillborn son. 1551 Maximilian II, (born July 31, 1527, Vienna, Austria—died Oct. 12, 1576, Regensburg [Germany]), Holy Roman emperor from 1564, whose liberal religious policies permitted an interval of peace between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany after the first struggles of the Reformation. 2001. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maximilian-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, The Famous People - Biography of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. In the Netherlands, Maximilian advised compromise between Catholics and Protestants but was again frustrated by Spanish intransigence. This caused unrest among his subject… Maximilian is also credited for creating a breathing-space between Roman Catholics and Protestants to co-exist peacefully. A year later, he became the king of Hungary. Maximilian II, (born July 31, 1527, Vienna, Austria—died Oct. 12, 1576, Regensburg [Germany]), Holy Roman emperor from 1564, whose liberal religious policies permitted an interval of peace between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany after the first struggles of the Reformation. Emperor Maximilian II Emperor Maximilian II Mout, Nicolette S H O RT E R N OT I C E S she makes only passing reference to Argyll's close relationship to his maternal uncle, the duke of Chatellerault. The marriage was basically aimed at strengthening ties with the Spanish branch of Habsburg and reaffirming Maximilian’s Catholic faith. Maximilian’s religious neutrality was largely a policy of political expediency in maintaining peace in the empire. Maximilian’s sympathies for Lutheranism, formed in his youth, eventually caused sufficient scandal in Habsburg circles for his father to threaten him with exclusion from the succession in 1559. Maximilian II (1527-1576) was Holy Roman emperor from 1564 to 1576. Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy (1564–1576) Born in Vienna on 31 July 1527. The Top 25 Wrestling Announcers Of All Time, Celebrities Who Are Not In The Limelight Anymore. Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576), a member of the Austrian House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was baptized the following day as Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph.
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