Antoine Henri Becquerel (born December 15, 1852 in Paris, France), known as Henri Becquerel, was a French physicist who discovered radioactivity, a process in which an atomic nucleus emits particles because it is unstable. [12][13] By 1861, Niepce de Saint-Victor realized that uranium salts produce "a radiation that is invisible to our eyes". francia fizikus. Ce phénomène naturel a été découvert à la fin du XIXe siècle par un français : Henri Becquerel. 1903 Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahibi. [28], Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1908, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Biography: Henri Antoine Becquerel (1852 – 1908)", "Henri Becquerel - Biography, Facts and Pictures", "This month in physics history March 1, 1896 Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity", "Mémoire sur une nouvelle action de la lumière", "Deuxième mémoire sur une nouvelle action de la lumière", "Sur les radiations émises par phosphorescence", "Sur les radiations invisibles émises par les corps phosphorescents", "Benchmarks: Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity on February 26, 1896", "Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852–1908): a scientist who endeavored to discover natural radioactivity", "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Becquerel on Moon", "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Becquerel on Mars", "Becquerelite: Becquerelite mineral information and data", Annotated bibliography for Henri Becquerel from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues, Henri Becquerel, SI-derived unit of radioactivity, List of scientists whose names are used as units, Scientists whose names are used in physical constants, People whose names are used in chemical element names, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri_Becquerel&oldid=991740523, Members of the French Academy of Sciences, Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences, Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Henri Becquerel: The Discovery of Radioactivity", Becquerel's 1896 articles online and analyzed on, This page was last edited on 1 December 2020, at 16:03. Henri made this discovery when he left a piece of radium in his vest pocket and noticed that he had been burnt by it. Voici quelques liens utiles pour réviser les repères chronologiques et spatiaux : Becquerel learned that the X rays issued from the area of a glass vacuum tube made fluorescent when struck by a beam of cathode rays. francia fizikus. ).[15]. Henri Becquerel was born on December 15, 1852, in Paris, France. Henri Becquerel Biographie Au début du XX e siècle, Henri Becquerel , Pierre et Marie Curie sont entrés ensemble dans la légende de la radioactivité , et donc dans l'histoire de l' atome . These are ready-to-use Henri Becquerel worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about Henri Becquerel who was a French physicist who investigated uranium and other substances which led to his discovery of radioactivity. [5] Becquerel's other experiments allowed him to research more into radioactivity and figure out different aspects of the magnetic field when radiation is introduced into the magnetic field. Henri Becquerel, in full Antoine-Henri Becquerel, (born December 15, 1852, Paris, France—died August 25, 1908, Le Croisic), French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine 183 Fuston Rd., London NW1 2BN, England UK Henri Becquerel papers, ca. En 1875, il entra dans le département des ponts et routes, et devint ingénieur en chef en 1894. In 1890 he ma… [24] During his lifetime, Becquerel was honored with membership into the Accademia dei Lincei and the Royal Academy of Berlin. [4] Henri started off his education by attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand school, a prep school in Paris. Concurrently, he was assistant naturalist to his father at the museum, where he also assumed the physics professorship upon his father’s death. Henri Becquerel était un physicien français qui a découvert la radioactivité. La Radiactividad - Marie Curie Pierre Curie Henri Becquerel - Física - Duration: 14:44. [21][8] The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities awarded him the Helmholtz Medal in 1901. The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him. Becquerel 1903 -ban megosztott fizikai Nobel-díjat kapott Pierre és Marie Curie -vel a radioaktivitás felfedezéséért. Upon development, the photographic plate revealed silhouettes of the mineral samples, and, in subsequent experiments, the image of a coin or metal cutout interposed between the crystal and paper wrapping. For work in this field he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie (Marie Curie) and Pierre Curie,[3] received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. Né le 15 décembre 1852 à Paris, Henri Becquerel était le fils d'Alexandre Edmond et le petit-fils d'Antoine César Becquerel, tous deux physiciens ayant développé l'étude de la phosphorescence au laboratoire de physique du Muséum d'histoire naturelle.Il partageait son temps entre l'enseignement à l'École polytechnique et quelques travaux de recherche sans grand relief. Becquerel palkittiin löydöstään Nobelin fysiikanpalkinnolla vuonna 1903 yhdessä Pierre ja Marie Curien kanssa. En 1892, il succéda à son père à la présidence du Musée d'histoire naturelle, et en 1895, il devint professeur à l'École polytechnique. [8] Becquerel was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1908. [8] Early in his career, Becquerel also studied the Earth's magnetic fields.[8]. Henri BECQUEREL, fils d'Edmond naît à paris en 1852 dans ce Muséum où son père est né, habite et travaille. École polytechnique, også kjent som l'X, er en fransk teknisk høgskole, som har ligget i Palaiseau utenfor Paris (tidligere i Latinerkvarteret i Paris) siden 1976. In 1874, Henri married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, who would die while giving birth to their son, Jean. Fils et petit-fils de physiciens et d'Académiciens des sciences, Becquerel est un enfant du sérail. Henri Becquerel, 15.12.1852-25.8.1908, fransk fysiker, som opdagede radioaktiviteten. This discovery led to the development of radiotherapy which is now used to treat cancer. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Describing them to the French Academy of Sciences on 27 February 1896, he said: One wraps a Lumière photographic plate with a bromide emulsion in two sheets of very thick black paper, such that the plate does not become clouded upon being exposed to the sun for a day. ), francuski fizičar, nobelovac i jedan od otkrivača radioaktivnosti. Antoine Henri Becquerel (ejtsd: antoán anri bekerel) (Párizs, Franciaország, 1852. december 15. Early life Antoine Henri Becquerel was born on 15 Il découvre en 1819 la piézo-électricité des cristaux, observe en 1827 l'existence de corps diamagnétiques et imagine, en 1829, la pile impolarisable à deux liquides, qui sera par la suite vulgarisée par l'Anglais John Frederic Daniell. Becquerel var fødd i Paris i ein familie med stolte tradisjonar innan naturvitskap. Biografie. [3] Både far og farfar hans var fysikarar som underviste ved det naturhistoriske museet i Paris. SI ölçü sisteminde betivorlyy birimi Bekerel (Becquerel, Bq) onun ismine ithafen verilmiştir. L'année suivante, il est élu à l'Académie des scienc… Henri Becquerel, in full Antoine-Henri Becquerel, (born December 15, 1852, Paris, France—died August 25, 1908, Le Croisic), French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. The intensive research of radioactivity led to Becquerel publishing seven papers on the subject in 1896. Of particular significance, he extended the work of his father by studying the relation between absorption of light and emission of phosphorescence in some uranium compounds. On 2 March 1896 he reported: I will insist particularly upon the following fact, which seems to me quite important and beyond the phenomena which one could expect to observe: The same crystalline crusts [of potassium uranyl sulfate], arranged the same way with respect to the photographic plates, in the same conditions and through the same screens, but sheltered from the excitation of incident rays and kept in darkness, still produce the same photographic images. Becquerel foi o responsável pelos estudos que levaram à descoberta do fenômeno da radioatividade. Henri Becquerel Biographical A ntoine Henri Becquerel was born in Paris on December 15, 1852, a member of a distinguished family of scholars and scientists. To test this hypothesis, he placed phosphorescent crystals upon a photographic plate that had been wrapped in opaque paper so that only a penetrating radiation could reach the emulsion. Becquerel was born in Paris into a wealthy family which produced four generations of physicists: Becquerel's grandfather (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel). ... he became the third in his family to occupy the physics chair at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Découvrez gratuitement l'arbre généalogique de Henri Antoine Becquerel pour tout savoir sur ses origines et son histoire familiale. Professor of the History of Science, University of California, Santa Barbara. Becquerel was born in Paris into a wealthy family which produced four generations of physicists: Becquerel's grandfather (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel). Henri Becquerel autograph letters, 1900-1906. [10] There followed a period of intense research into radioactivity, including the determination that the element thorium is also radioactive and the discovery of additional radioactive elements polonium and radium by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Curie. Antoine Henri Becquerel (Pariz, 15. prosinca 1852. Becquerel, who invented a new method for spectroscopic analysis. He inherited a tradition of research from his grandfather, Antoine Cesar Becquerel, who developed the field of electrolysis, and his father, A.E. "[11], As often happens in science, radioactivity came close to being discovered nearly four decades earlier in 1857, when Abel Niépce de Saint-Victor, who was investigating photography under Michel Eugène Chevreul, observed that uranium salts emitted radiation that could darken photographic emulsions. [5][7] In 1901 Becquerel made the discovery that radioactivity could be used for medicine. Henri worked alongside Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. Antoine Henri Becquerel, pe scurt Henri Becquerel, s-a născut la 15 decembrie 1852, la Paris.Tatăl său, Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel, și bunicul său, Antoine Cesar Becquerel, erau fizicieni, profesori la Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris.Antoine Henri Becquerel s-a născut în aceste clădiri în care familia sa lucra și locuia, și în care se născuse și tatăl său. In 1868, Edmond Becquerel published a book, La lumière: ses causes et ses effets (Light: Its causes and its effects). He was the son of a professor of applied physics, Alexander Becquerel. Il a remporté le prix Nobel de physique en 1903 avec Pierre et Marie Curie pour cette découverte. Henri Becquerel : la découverte. By May 1896, after other experiments involving non-phosphorescent uranium salts, he arrived at the correct explanation, namely that the penetrating radiation came from the uranium itself, without any need for excitation by an external energy source. アンリ・ベクレルアンリ・ベクレルとして知られている、（パリ、フランスで1852年12月15日生まれ）は、発見されたフランスの物理学者だった放射能を、それが不安定であるため、原子核が粒子を放出するプロセス。 彼はピエール・マリー・キュリー、ベクレルの大学院生だった人の後者で物 … Son grand-père, Antoine Becquerel, est considéré comme le découvreur, en 1839, de l'effet photovoltaïque dont le principe est utilisé dans les capteurs solaires qui devraient produire une part de plus en plus importante de l'énergie électrique "renouvelable" de notre futur. Henri Becquerel, in full Antoine-Henri Becquerel, (born December 15, 1852, Paris, France—died August 25, 1908, Le Croisic), French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. [7], In Becquerel's early career, he became the third in his family to occupy the physics chair at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1892. [25] There is a crater named Becquerel on the Moon and also a crater named Becquerel on Mars. He thus confirmed his view that something very similar to X rays was emitted by this luminescent substance at the same time it threw off visible radiation. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henri-Becquerel, Vigyan Prasar - Biography of Antoine-Henri Becquerel, Atomic Heritage Foundation - Henri Becquerel, The Nobel Prize - Antoine Henri Becquerel, Henri Becquerel - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! "When different radioactive substances were put in the magnetic field, they deflected in different directions or not at all, showing that there were three classes of radioactivity: negative, positive, and electrically neutral. august 1908) var ein fransk fysikar, nobelprisvinnar og ein av oppdagarane av radioaktiviteten. Instead the silhouettes appeared with great intensity ... One hypothesis which presents itself to the mind naturally enough would be to suppose that these rays, whose effects have a great similarity to the effects produced by the rays studied by M. Lenard and M. Röntgen, are invisible rays emitted by phosphorescence and persisting infinitely longer than the duration of the luminous rays emitted by these bodies. But the following week Becquerel learned that his uranium salts continued to eject penetrating radiation even when they were not made to phosphoresce by the ultraviolet in sunlight. Antoine-Henri Becquerel a étudié à l'École polytechnique. Antoine Henri Becquerel (født 15. december 1852 i Paris, død 25. august 1908 i Le Croisic) var en fransk fysiker, der i 1903 delte Nobelprisen i fysik med Pierre og Marie Curie for sit studie om radioaktivitet.. SI-enheden for måling af radioaktivitet er opkaldt efter ham.. Referencer Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) est issu d'une lignée de physiciens. Tout au long du XXe siècle, des physiciens devenus célèbres ont appris à apprivoiser ses propriétés si fascinantes. Author of. Entré à l'Ecole Polytechnique en 1872, il en sort en 1874 dans le corps des Ponts et Chaussées. Antoine H Becquerel (1852-1908) was a French scientist renowned for his work and subsequent discovery into the evidence of radioactivity for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize. The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, which he shared with physicists Pierre and Marie Curie. Antoine Henri Becquerel (15. desember 1852–25. en 1892, après la mort de son père. He began his studies in … Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) was a French physicist and winner of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. [2] SI-enheden for måling af radioaktivitet (Becquerel) er opkaldt efter ham. アントワーヌ・アンリ・ベクレル（Antoine Henri Becquerel, 1852年 12月15日 - 1908年 8月25日）は フランスの物理学者・化学者。 放射線の発見者であり、この功績により1903年 ノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。 パリ生まれ。息子の ジャン・ベクレル （フランス語版） も物理学者・化学者である。 Biografie Henri Becquerel werd geboren in Parijs in een familie die helemaal toegewijd was aan het wetenschappelijk onderzoek. Others may have noticed this before him, but his report in 1901 of the burn caused when he carried an active sample of the Curies’ radium in his vest pocket inspired investigation by physicians, leading ultimately to medical use. Il partageait son temps entre l'enseignement à l'École polytechnique et quelques travaux de recher Henri then concerned himself with infrared radiation, examining, among other things, the spectra of different phosphorescent crystals under infrared stimulation. Together, these were to place the discovery of radioactivity within his reach. In 1894, he became chief engineer in the Department of Bridges and Highways. Paul Becquerel était le fils de l'agriculteur André Paul Becquerel (1856-1904) et le neveu du physicien Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), découvreur de la radioactivité naturelle. NOW 50% OFF! Le grand-père d'Henri Becquerel, Antoine César (Châtillon-Coligny, Loiret, 1788-Paris 1878), après avoir participé aux campagnes d'Espagne comme officier du génie, est attiré par l'étude des phénomènes électriques. Becquerel began his experiment by exposing a crystal that contained uranium to sunlight. Son grand-père était le physicien Edmond Becquerel . In addition to his teaching and research posts, Becquerel was for many years an engineer in the Department of Bridges and Highways, being appointed chief engineer in 1894. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. "[20], In 1889, Becquerel became a member of the Académie des Sciences. Since the sun did not come out in the following days, I developed the photographic plates on the 1st of March, expecting to find the images very weak. [6] In 1890 he married Louise Désirée Lorieux. Omissions? He was the son of a professor of applied physics, Alexander Antoine Henri Becquerel ([ɑ̃ˈtwan ɑ̃ˈri bɛk ə ˈrɛl]; 15. joulukuuta 1852 – 25. elokuuta 1908) oli ranskalainen fyysikko, joka muistetaan parhaiten spontaanin eli luonnollisen radioaktiivisuuden löytämisestä vuonna 1896. For his discovery of radioactivity, Becquerel shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with the Curies; he was also honoured with other medals and memberships in foreign societies. His family had produced four generations of scientists. [26][27] The uranium-based mineral becquerelite was named after Henri. Il est lauréat de la moitié du prix Nobel de … Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. When one then develops the photographic plate, one recognizes that the silhouette of the phosphorescent substance appears in black on the negative. At the end of 1895, Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X rays. He received his scientific education at the Ecole Polytechnique completing it in 1874. Né le 15 décembre 1852 à Paris, Henri Becquerel était le fils d'Alexandre Edmond et le petit-fils d'Antoine César Becquerel, tous deux physiciens ayant développé l'étude de la phosphorescence au laboratoire de physique du Muséum d'histoire naturelle. Dezember 1852 in Paris; † 25. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [8] In 1905, he was awarded the Barnard Medal by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. He studied engineering at the École Polytechnique and the École des Ponts et Chaussées. La découverte de la radioactivité naturelle par trois savants français à la fin du XIXème siècle – Henri Becquerel puis Pierre et Marie Curie – a posé toute une série d'énigmes, concernant la nature et l'origine de ces rayonnements invisibles, et de l'énergie qu'ils véhiculaient. Becquerel was born in Paris, France on December 15, 1852. He was born in Paris into a family of great scientists. Il naît même dans ces bâtiments, tout comme son père. For several years the young man’s research was concerned with the rotation of plane-polarized light by magnetic fields, a subject opened by Michael Faraday and to which Henri’s father had also contributed. Another discovery was the circumstance that the allegedly active substance in uranium, uranium X, lost its radiating ability in time, while the uranium, though inactive when freshly prepared, eventually regained its lost radioactivity. Son père, Alexandre Edmond Becquerel, et son grand-père, Antoine Becquerel, étaient des physiciens, professeurs au muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris. Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), son of the lastnamed, who succeeded to his chair at the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle in 1892, was born in Paris on the 15th of December 1852, studied at the Ecole Polytechnique, where he was appointed a professor in 1895, and in 1875 entered the department des post Antoine Henri Becquerel (December 15, 1852 - August 25, 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and one of the discoverers of radioactivity. Becquerel était le troisième membre de sa famille à succéder à ce poste. Paul Becquerel était le fils de l'agriculteur André Paul Becquerel (1856-1904) et le neveu du physicien Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), découvreur de la radioactivité naturelle. During the experiment, Röntgen "found that the Crookes tubes he had been using to study cathode rays emitted a new kind of invisible ray that was capable of penetrating through black paper". Biografie Antoine Henri Becquerel, pe scurt Henri Becquerel, s-a născut la 15 decembrie 1852, la Paris.Tatăl său, Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel, și bunicul său, Antoine Cesar Becquerel, erau fizicieni, profesori la Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris.. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Biographie. I. histoire de la radioactive. Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and the discoverer of radioactivity along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, for which all three won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. 1870 Articles. Antoine Henri Becquerel was born to Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel and Aurelie Quenard in Paris, France, on 15 December, 1852.
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